Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting efficiency is limited by the high overpotential, severe recombination of photogenerated charges in bulk, and the surface of the photoanodes. Herein, we propose the SiOx-modified Ti:ZnFe2O4 (Ti-ZFO/SiOx) nanocorals array photoelectrode that integrates the in-situ Ti-doping and the second-order SiOx hole transport channel via successive hydrothermal and microwave methods. In addition, introduction of a cocatalyst of cobalt phosphate (Co-Pi) on Ti-ZFO/SiOx further accelerate hole transfer kinetics (surface charge seperation efficiency ∼ 90 %) in Ti-ZFO/SiOx/CoPi compared to Ti-ZFO/CoPi. The optimized Ti-ZFO/SiOx/CoPi nanocorals electrode achieves 1.6 times enhancement in photocurrent density (0.570 mA/cm2) at 1.23 VRHE than Ti-ZFO. Furthermore, Ti-ZFO/SiOx/CoPi photoelectrodes exhibited 70 and 34 µmol of H2 and O2, respectively, during 10 h real life PEC water splitting as well as and 50 h photocurrent stability. Therefore, our work is the foundational pilot for constructing the hole transport channel between the photoanode and electrolyte via the microwave method.
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