Abstract
The cerebellar cortex is remarkable for its organizational regularity, out of which task-related neural networks should emerge. In Purkinje cells, both complex and simple spike network patterns are evident in sensorimotor behavior. However, task-related patterns of activity in the granule cell layer (GCL) have been less studied. We recorded local field potential (LFP) activity simultaneously in pairs of GCL sites in monkeys performing an active expectancy (lever-press) task, in passive expectancy, and at rest. LFP sites were selected when they showed strong 10–25 Hz oscillations; pair orientation was in stereotaxic sagittal and coronal (mainly), and diagonal. As shown previously, LFP oscillations at each site were modulated during the lever-press task. Synchronization across LFP pairs showed an evident basic anisotropy at rest: sagittal pairs of LFPs were better synchronized (more than double the cross-correlation coefficients) than coronal pairs, and more than diagonal pairs. On the other hand, this basic anisotropy was modifiable: during the active expectancy condition, where sagittal and coronal orientations were tested, synchronization of LFP pairs would increase just preceding movement, most notably for the coronal pairs. This lateral extension of synchronization was not observed in passive expectancy. The basic pattern of synchronization at rest, favoring sagittal synchrony, thus seemed to adapt in a dynamic fashion, potentially extending laterally to include more cerebellar cortex elements. This dynamic anisotropy in LFP synchronization could underlie GCL network organization in the context of sensorimotor tasks.
Highlights
The structure of the cerebellar cortex is remarkably regular (Bloedel, 1992; Eccles et al, 1967), an organization out of which must emerge task-related cerebellar neural networks
Focusing on cerebellar cortex 10–25 Hz local field potential (LFP) oscillations (Courtemanche et al, 2002; Pellerin and Lamarre, 1997) in the paramedian lobule, we measured the LFP synchronization occurring in the cerebro-cerebellar networks, and found taskdependent modulation of this activity in an active sensorimotor task (Courtemanche and Lamarre, 2005)
OSCILLATIONS AND SYNCHRONIZATION DURING REST Two LFP pairs, sagittal and coronal, are described first; the sagittal pair sites were both located in the paramedian lobule (Figure 1A), while for the coronal pairs, the medial site touched the caudal vermis, and the lateral site was in the paramedian lobule (Figure 1B)
Summary
The structure of the cerebellar cortex is remarkably regular (Bloedel, 1992; Eccles et al, 1967), an organization out of which must emerge task-related cerebellar neural networks. Anatomical features such as afferent and efferent organization will partly determine the network organization, outlining the potential information processing units (Apps and Garwicz, 2005; Oscarsson, 1979; Voogd and Glickstein, 1998). Methods for assessing neural network organization in physiological terms, such as the recording of local circuit activity at multiple sites will provide information about the way in which the different elements of the network are dynamically linked (Miller and Wilson, 2008). An open question is how this activity is shaped within the cerebellar cortex
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