Synaptic connections of central carotid sinus afferents in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the rat. II. Connections with substance P-immunoreactive neurons.

Abstract

A combined transganglionic transport and immunocytochemical technique was used to study the synaptic morphology of central carotid sinus afferents and substance P-immunoreactive neurons in the commissural subnucleus of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in rats. A large population of substance P-immunoreactive neurons (88.32%) were seen in close association with central carotid sinus afferents by light microscopy. However, many labelled central carotid sinus afferents appeared not associated with substance P-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius. Substance P-immunoreactive neurons were spindle, pear, or oval-shaped with a short axis ranging from 5 to 11 microns. Their long axis was oriented predominantly in a lateral-medial direction along the path of the central carotid sinus afferents from the solitary tract to the midline. Synaptic contacts between central carotid sinus afferents and substance P-structures, including dendritic profiles of different calibers and somas, were readily found by electron microscopy. Many central carotid sinus afferents were also found in synaptic contact with non-immunoreactive dendrites and somas. Appositions between central carotid sinus afferents and unlabelled axon terminals were common, but only in a few cases were morphological manifestations of synapses revealed. In the latter, the substance P-immunoreactive terminals appeared mostly presynaptic but postsynaptic ones were also encountered. Our data provide the evidence that some of the substance P-immunoreactive cells in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius are 2nd order neurons of the carotid sinus afferent pathway. The possibility that some of the substance P-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius may be interneurons and mediate carotid sinus afferent inputs to catecholaminergic neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius is considered. Our findings also provide an anatomical substrate for a possible presynaptic modulatory role of central carotid sinus afferents on the inputs from other brain centers to the substance P-neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius.