Abstract
ABSTRACT The Kiowa Formation (Early Cretaceous) of north-central Kansas contains abundant discoidal concretionary masses of impure siderite (so-called clay-ironstone) that display features similar to the synaeresis cracks developed in argillaceous sediments. These features are in keeping with an early diagenetic origin of the siderite concretions and are suggestive of the dewatering of colloidally precipitated iron carbonate soon after deposition of the enclosing muds. The iron in the siderite concretions probably was released from coatings of iron oxide or hydrated ferric oxide on the detrital clay micelles that make up illitic Kiowa shale.
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