Abstract
BackgroundBone marrow concentrate (BMC) has shown promise in the treatment of several orthopedic conditions. This registry study investigated the use of autologous BMC and platelet products for percutaneous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) treatment.MethodsTwenty-nine patients presenting to a single outpatient interventional musculoskeletal and pain practice with symptomatic grade 1, 2, or 3 ACL tears with less than 1 cm retraction were enrolled. Patients were treated with a percutaneous ACL injection of autologous BMC and platelet products using fluoroscopic guidance. Pre- and post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging analysis was completed for 23 patients using ImageJ software for an objective quantitative analysis of pixel density as a proxy for ACL integrity. Subjective clinical outcome measures collected pre-treatment and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months post-treatment include the Numerical Pain Scale (NPS), the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, and a modified version of the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation.ResultsSeventy-seven percent of patients treated with BMC injections into the ACL showed significant improvement (p < 0.01) in objective measures of ACL integrity at an average of 8.8 months (median 4.7 months). The mean of last patient-reported improvement was 72% (SD = 35) at an average of 23 (SD = 10) months post-treatment. Mean scores were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) for the NPS at 6, 18, and 24 months, and LEFS and IKDC at all time points (i.e. 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months) relative to baseline.ConclusionIn symptomatic patients with grade 1, 2, or even grade 3 tears with minimal retraction, ACL treatment with percutaneous injection of BMC and platelet products shows promise as a non-surgical alternative. However, a larger randomized controlled trial is warranted to confirm these findings.Trial registration NCT03011398. A Clinical Registry of Orthobiologics Procedures. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03011398?term=orthobiologics&rank=1. Registered 29 December 2016. Enrollment 1 December 2011-retrospectively registered
Highlights
Bone marrow concentrate (BMC) has shown promise in the treatment of several orthopedic conditions
Study design and clinical protocol The study sample consisted of consecutive patients presenting to a single outpatient interventional musculoskeletal and pain practice between December 2011 and May 2015 for evaluation of complaints of knee instability combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear
Patients agreeing to enroll in the treatment registry and undergo BMC and platelet products treatment, who displayed a grade 1, 2, or 3 ACL tear on MRI
Summary
Bone marrow concentrate (BMC) has shown promise in the treatment of several orthopedic conditions. This registry study investigated the use of autologous BMC and platelet products for percutaneous anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) treatment. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important stabilizer of the knee, limiting anterior translation and rotation of the tibia [1]. Rupture of the ACL is characterized by joint instability, resulting in decreased activity, poor knee biomechanics, and decreased quality of life [4, 5]. Partial ACL tears can be addressed without surgical reconstruction with good short- and medium-term functional results, if sports participation is restricted [6]. On the other hand, result in long-term instability in 15–66% of patients and are associated with a 15–86% risk of a subsequent meniscal tear [7]
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