Abstract
BackgroundChanges in older people’s symptoms across recent decades have not been investigated.AimsWe analyzed temporal trends in symptom burden by comparing data from independent, cross-sectional cohorts retrieved in 1989, 1999, 2009, and 2019. Furthermore, we compared the association between symptom burden and psychological wellbeing (PWB) in older men and women.MethodsThe Helsinki Aging Study recruited a random sample of people aged 75, 80, and 85 in 1989, and random samples aged 75, 80, 85, 90, and 95 in 1999, 2009, and 2019 (four study waves). Altogether, 6263 community-dwelling people answered the questions concerning symptoms in the questionnaire surveys. The symptoms inquired in all study waves were dizziness, back pain, joint pain, chest pain, shortness of breath, and loss of appetite. Symptom burden was calculated according to the number of symptoms and their frequency (score range: 0–6). PWB and the Charlson comorbidity index were calculated.ResultsSymptom burden decreased in both men and women aged 75 and 80 from 1989 to 2019. Changes in cohorts aged 85 + were nonsignificant. There was a significant difference in symptom burden between men and women in all ages with men having fewer symptoms. PWB decreased with increasing symptom burden. Men had greater PWB than women up to severe levels of symptom burden.ConclusionsSymptom burden decreased from 1989 to 2019 in cohorts aged 75–80, whereas changes remained nonsignificant in cohorts aged 85 +. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine temporal trends in symptom burden.
Highlights
The numbers of people surviving to old age are increasing worldwide
The proportion of men increased from 27% in 1989 to 56% in 2019
The prevalence of coronary heart disease and COPD/asthma was lowest in the latest study wave in 2019, while the prevalence of dementia was higher in 2019 than in two previous study waves (Table 1)
Summary
The numbers of people surviving to old age are increasing worldwide. Conflicting hypotheses were made in the late twentieth century on whether health and quality of life will improve or deteriorate for the growing older population. Recent cohort studies looking at temporal trends in health and functioning in the older population mostly support Fries’ hypothesis. They have shown a decrease in disabilities [3, 4] as well as improvements in cognitive functioning [4], psychological. We compared the association between symptom burden and psychological wellbeing (PWB) in older men and women. Conclusions Symptom burden decreased from 1989 to 2019 in cohorts aged 75–80, whereas changes remained nonsignificant in cohorts aged 85 +. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine temporal trends in symptom burden
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