Abstract
The recent development of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, e.g. repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct/alternating current stimulation, are capable of suppress or enhance the brain excitability outlasting the period of stimulation for up to one hour or more. These protocols mimic the repetitive or constant electrical stimulation that is commonly used to change the synaptic efficiency forming the basic concept of synaptic plasticity mechanism in animal brain slices. Neuroplasticity or plasticity is generally believed as the fundamental mechanism of many aspects of brain function, e.g. learning, memory and recovery. Several lines of evidence based on pharmacological physiological and behavioural studies in humans and protein analysis in animals have confirmed that the after effects of NIBS are induced through a plasticity-like mechanisms. In this talk, the basic concept of plasticity will be introduced and how the effects of NIBS are linked to the mechanisms of plasticity will be explained. The audience will understand how NIBS works on the brain and how to design their applications of NIBS based on the knowledge.
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