SYMMETRY VERSUS ASYMMETRY IN SEXUAL ISOLATION EXPERIMENTS.

Abstract

Two hypotheses predicting the ancestral or derived status of populations and based on asymmetrical mate discrimination (Kaneshiro, 1976; Watanabe and Kawanishi, 1979) were tested using nine laboratory populations of D. simulans, a highly outcrossed ancestral population, and eight populations derived from it via founder-flush-crash cycles. The data from individual mating tests using pairwise combinations of these populations fit the Kaneshiro hypothesis reasonably well, rejecting the Watanabe-Kawanishi hypothesis. However, more powerful tests rejected the Kaneshiro hypothesis for the data we analyzed. The values for derived females predicted by the Kaneshiro hypothesis were biased: they were consistently high for derived males and consistently low for ancestral males. We propose a hypothesis, based on variation in mating propensities and symmetrical mate discrimination. We assessed the power of Kaneshiro's and our hypotheses to predict the number of matings between derived females and derived males by plotting predicted vs. observed values and fitting these points to the expected line of unit slope passing through the origin. Predictions of our hypothesis explained more of the variance (r2 = 0.87) than predictions of the Kaneshiro model (r2 = 0.63). While asymmetrical sexual isolation undoubtedly occurs between some species, its existence cannot be determined simply by measuring mating frequencies in a single experiment.