Symmetry synthesis of the multiport scattering matrix as a first step in the design of electromagnetic components and devices

Abstract

In this paper, we discuss a general method for symmetry synthesis of electromagnetic multiports. Two approaches are possible in this problem: (1) solution for all the possible symmetry groups describing the multiports, and (2) determination of the symmetry group of a given ideal scattering matrix and calculation of the real matrix. A three-way nonreciprocal divider synthesis illustrates the second approach. Also, for four-ports defined is the group tree allowing one to calculate all the possible scattering matrices.