Symmetry analysis and invariant solutions of (3 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation

Abstract

Based on Lie symmetry analysis, we study nonlinear waves in fluid mechanics with strong spatial dispersion. The similarity reductions and exact solutions are obtained based on the optimal system and power series method. We obtain the infinitesimal generators, commutator table of Lie algebra, symmetry group and similarity reductions for the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. For different Lie algebra, Lie symmetry method reduces Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation into various ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Some of the solutions of [Formula: see text]-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation are of the forms — traveling waves, Weierstrass’s elliptic and Zeta functions and exponential functions.