Symmetry-adapted-cluster configuration-interaction and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster studies of electronically excited states of copper tetrachloride and copper tetrabromide dianions

Abstract

The valence excitation spectra of the copper tetrachloride and copper tetrabromide open-shell dianions, CuCl42- and CuBr42-, respectively, are investigated by a variety of symmetry-adapted-cluster configuration-interaction (SAC-CI) and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (EOMCC) methods. The valence excited states of the CuCl42- and CuBr42- species that correspond to transitions from doubly occupied molecular orbitals (MOs) to a singly occupied MO (SOMO), for which experimental spectra are available, are examined with the ionized (IP) variants of the SAC-CI and EOMCC methods. The higher-energy excited states of CuCl42- and CuBr42- that correspond to transitions from SOMO to unoccupied MOs, which have not been characterized experimentally, are determined using the electron-attached (EA) SAC-CI and EOMCC approaches. An emphasis is placed on the scalar relativistic SAC-CI and EOMCC calculations based on the spin-free part of the second-order Douglass–Kroll–Hess Hamiltonian (DKH2) and on a comparison of the results of the IP and EA SAC-CI and EOMCC calculations with up to 2-hole-1-particle (2h-1p) and 2-particle-1-hole (2p-1h) excitations, referred to as the IP-SAC-CI SD-R and IP-EOMCCSD(2h-1p) methods in the IP case and EA-SAC-CI SD-R and EA-EOMCCSD(2p-1h) approaches in the EA case, with those obtained with the higher-level IP-EOMCC and EA-EOMCC theories with up to 3-hole-2-particle (3h-2p) and 3-particle-2-hole (3p-2h) excitations treated via active orbitals, abbreviated as IP-EOMCCSD(3h-2p) and EA-EOMCCSD(3p-2h), respectively, as well as with the available experimental data. It is demonstrated that all of the employed DKH2-based IP-SAC-CI and IP-EOMCC methods offer a reliable description of the valence excited states of the CuCl42- and CuBr42- complexes that correspond to transitions from doubly occupied MOs to SOMO, accurately reproducing the observed UV–vis absorption spectra in both peak positions and intensities, which enables a rigorous assignment of the observed strong bands and weaker shoulder transitions. It is also shown that the scalar relativistic effects have a non-negligible effect on the excitation energies, on the order of 0.1–0.2eV, and a substantial effect on the calculated ground-state geometries, particularly in the case of the CuBr42- complex and the Cu–Br bond length, although the effect of relativity on the oscillator strengths is generally very small.