Abstract
This article presents the results of experimental research on the mechanical properties of pine wood (Pinus L. Sp. Pl. 1000. 1753). In the course of the research process, stress-strain curves were determined for cases of tensile, compression and shear of standardized shapes samples. The collected data set was used to determine several material constants such as: modulus of elasticity, shear modulus or yield point. The aim of the research was to determine the material properties necessary to develop the model used in the finite element analysis (FEM), which demonstrates the symmetrical nature of the stress distribution in the sample. This model will be used to analyze the process of grinding wood base materials in terms of the peak cutting force estimation and the tool geometry influence determination. The main purpose of the developed model will be to determine the maximum stress value necessary to estimate the destructive force for the tested wood sample. The tests were carried out for timber of around 8.74% and 19.9% moisture content (MC). Significant differences were found between the mechanical properties of wood depending on moisture content and the direction of the applied force depending on the arrangement of wood fibers. Unlike other studies in the literature, this one relates to all three stress states (tensile, compression and shear) in all significant directions (anatomical). To verify the usability of the determined mechanical parameters of wood, all three strength tests (tensile, compression and shear) were mapped in the FEM analysis. The accuracy of the model in determining the maximum destructive force of the material is equal to the average 8% (for tensile testing 14%, compression 2.5%, shear 6.5%), while the average coverage of the FEM characteristic with the results of the strength test in the field of elastic-plastic deformations with the adopted ±15% error overlap on average by about 77%. The analyses were performed in the ABAQUS/Standard 2020 program in the field of elastic-plastic deformations. Research with the use of numerical models after extension with a damage model will enable the design of energy-saving and durable grinding machines.
Highlights
Introduction affiliationsModern science recognizes the growing correlation between the sustainable management of wood resources and human health [1,2]
Type 1 consisted of samples acclimatized for 6 months at 20 ◦ C so that they reached a moisture content (MC) of 8.74% ± 0.1%
Mathematical models that enable the prediction of destructive force value of the tested samples in various stress states, allow for a more accurate prediction of the effects of forces acting on the tested material
Summary
Modern science recognizes the growing correlation between the sustainable management of wood resources and human health [1,2] This contributes to an increase in the number of trees, especially in urban areas [3]. Green infrastructure areas in cities and trees along roads require pruning and cutting processes This raises an important issue of reducing exhaust emissions coming from machinery for grinding branches [7,8]. This can be achieved through the use of innovative power units [9], systems improving the machine’s adaptation to grinding processes [10,11] or alternative fuels that are less harmful to the environment [12,13]. Regardless of the fuel used and license
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