Abstract
Laboratory experiments have been conducted that test the predictions of Holmboe (Geofys. Publ., vol. 24, 1962, pp. 67–112). Symmetric Holmboe instabilities are observed during steady, maximal two-layer exchange flow in a long laboratory channel of rectangular cross-section. Internal hydraulic controls at each end of the channel isolate the subcritical region within the channel from disturbances in the reservoirs. Inside the channel, the instabilities form cusp-like waves that propagate in both directions. The phase speed of the instabilities is consistent with Holmboe's theory and increases along the length of the channel as a result of the gradual acceleration of each layer. This acceleration causes the wavelength of any given instability to increase in the flow direction until it is approximately twice the most amplified wavelength. At this point new waves develop with the result that the average wavelength is almost constant along the length of the channel.
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