SYMMETRIC AND PSEUDO-SYMMETRIC NUMERICAL SEMIGROUPS VIA YOUNG DIAGRAMS AND THEIR SEMIGROUP RINGS

Abstract

This paper studies Young diagrams of symmetric and pseudo-symmetric numerical semigroups and describes new operations on Young diagrams as well as numerical semigroups. These provide new decompositions of symmetric and pseudo-symmetric semigroups into an over semigroup and its dual. It is also given exactly for what kind of numerical semigroup $S$, the semigroup ring $\Bbbk[\![S]\!]$ has at least one Gorenstein subring and has at least one Kunz subring.