Abstract
Summary. Ideas of an outstanding Ukrainian thinker of the XVIII century H. Skovoroda were analyzed by many scientists, in particular, F. Batsevich, M. Neamtsu, M. Popovich and others. At the same time, H. Skovoroda's original explanation of such complex and multifaceted concepts as myth and symbol is currently very difficult to understand. This article presents and analyzes individual ideas of the Ukrainian philosopher regarding the dialectical unity of the ideal and material world; spirit, soul and body, visible and invisible world. H. Skovoroda called for focusing on the invisible spiritual world and despising the material shell of all that exists. The world in the philosophical treatises of the scientist is completely anthropomorphic. We described the concept of archetype in H. Skovoroda and how this mental formation materializes in symbolic meanings in the philosopher's poetic works, as well as the relationship between these meanings and traditional symbols in the culture of the Ukrainian people. The article pays attention to the concept of monodualism, which is one of the key for the Ukrainian philosopher and which attracts the attention of modern scholars, in particular, V. Bibikhin. The article also analyzes the original symbolic meanings in the poetry of H. Skovoroda.
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