Symbolic Manifestations of Nature in the Poetry and Paintings of the Fourth and Seventh Centuries AH. (With Emphasis on the Poetry of Manouchehri Damghani and Ghazals of Shams)

Abstract

Symbolism as one of the tools of pictorial expression and transmission of concepts has brought many works of Iranian painting closer in form and meaning. On the other hand, the use of symbol is also considered as one of the literary arrays. In the process of composing, what attracts the poet's sensation, emotion and imagination more is the creation and the space and scope of nature. Iranian artist creates in a symbolic atmosphere; Taking advantage of the valuable context of Persian poetry and literature, the Iranian painter has not sought to represent tangible nature, but to represent symbolic effects. Manouchehri Damghani and Molana Mohammad Jalaluddin Balkhi (Shams) are among the most prominent poets describing nature in Persian literature. The present study seeks to analyze the symbolic effects of nature in poetry and painting in the fourth and seventh centuries AH with a descriptive and analytical method. The research findings demonstrate that the use of lexical range in the poems of Manouchehri and Rumi shows that their poetic world is a green world filled with symbols resembling nature. The symbolism of nature depiction is beautifully visible in the poetry of these two poets and the painting of the fourth and seventh centuries AH. The invention and use of symbolic elements in Iranian painting in the mentioned centuries does not bear an independent form, but an evolutionary process in form and content based on Persian poetry and literature of this period with poets such as Manouchehri and Rumi and under the influence of naturalistic imagery influenced from Chinese art. Research aims: 1. Recognition of the symbolic effects of nature in Iranian poetry and painting with emphasis on the poems of Manouchehri Damghani and Ghazals of Shams. 2. Comparison of the elements of nature from the point of view of Manouchehri (mere naturalist) and Rumi (Shams). Research questions: 1. What is the place of the use of symbolism in the poems of Manouchehri and Rumi and in the paintings of the fourth and seventh centuries AH? 2. How did Manouchehri Damghani and Rumi acknowledged nature in their poems?