Abstract

RELATIVELY LITTLE has been written on symbol-manipulative programing, and papers that have appeared discuss high-lever' languages to be run on large machines.1 Furthermore, publications in the general field of languagedata processing are concerned, for the most part, with machine translation or information retrieval from natural language-two procedures which require large computers. However, in 1963 Don S. Culbertson proposed that COBOL should be the standard computer language for library data processing, 2 and in the same year I. H. Pizer, D . R. Franz, and Estelle Brodman raised objections to

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