Abstract
Analytical expressions for the symbol error rate (SER) of MIMO systems are important from both design and analysis point of views. This paper derives exact and easy to evaluate analytical expression for the SER of an orthogonal space-time block coded (OSTBC) MIMO system with spatially correlated antennas, in which the channel signal propagation suffers from a degenerative effect known as a keyhole. These expressions are valid for complex valued correlations between antenna elements. Numerical results obtained by simulations are presented to confirm the validity of the analytical SER expressions for several multilevel modulation schemes. Subsequently, a procedure for designing a linear precoder which exploits the knowledge of the channel correlation matrix at the transmitter to enhance the performance of the above systemis given. To this end, the exact SER expression is minimized by using a gradient descent algorithm. To demonstrate the performance improvements achievable with the proposed precoder, numerical results obtained in several design examples are presented and compared.
Highlights
The benefits of using multiple transmit and receive antennas and space-time coding for wireless communication are well known [1]
We have considered a number of different orthogonal space-time block coded (OSTBC)-multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems to verify the symbol error rate (SER) expressions
Such a comparison for the 2 × 2 MIMO system is shown in Figure 4 which shows that the degradation of performance due to spatial correlation in the given keyhole channel can be quite significant at high signal to noise ratio (SNR)
Summary
The benefits of using multiple transmit and receive antennas and space-time coding for wireless communication are well known [1]. In realistic situations, the channel capacity is degraded by spatial correlations at the transmitting and/or receiving antenna arrays, due to, for example, insufficient spacing of antenna elements in the arrays, the existence of few dominant scatters, or small AOA spreading [2]. Recent studies, both theoretical and experimental, have shown that, in addition to antenna correlation, the MIMO channel capacity can be decreased by so-called keyhole effects in wave propagation [3, 4]. Such keyhole effects have been observed in both indoor and outdoor propagation environments [5, 6]
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