Abstract
Trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis that is caused by parasitic larvae of the genus Trichinella. Serbia is among the countries in which T. spiralis is present, in addition to domestic animals, also in synanthropic and sylvatic animals. This paper presents the results of investigations of the spread of trichinosis among certain species of sylvatic and synanthropic animals, with the aim to establish the role of wild animals in the natural cycle of trichinosis in this country. A total of 155 samples of wild boar, foxes, jackals, and rats were analysed. The samples were investigated through the artificial digestion method using a magnetic stirrer in keeping with Commission Regulation (EC) No 2075/2005. The isolated muscle larvae were determined using the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The investigations established a relatively high prevalence of trichinosis in foxes (5%) and jackals (8.33%) in the territory of Vojvodina. The degree of infestation among carnivora in Serbia (10-30 larvae/10g) is much higher than in countries where there is no trichinosis among domestic animals. The prevalence of trichinosis among wild boar is not high, 0.82%, but a very high degree of infestation was established in these animals (1100 larvae/g). According to our results, the prevalence of trichinosis and the degree of infestation in rats collected from pig farms with established trichinosis is extremely high, the prevalence is higher than 80% with a degree of infestation of 900 larvae/g. The isolated muscle larvae were determined as belonging to the species T. spiralis. The spread of trichinosis is affected to a large degree by poor socioeconomic conditions, inadequate education of breeders, the absence of or unsatisfactory veterinary control, irregular animal carcass removal. Trichinosis of domestic swine is widespread in Serbia and it poses a significant risk to human health. The presented data indicate that it is necessary to include measures for preventing the spread of trichinosis from domestic swine to sylvatic animals among the measures that are being implemented to cut down trichinosis among domestic animals.
Highlights
Trihineloza je parazitska zoonoza koju izazivaju larve parazita iz roda Trichinella
Trihineloza doma}ih svinja je ra{irena u Srbiji i predstavlja zna~ajan rizik za zdravlje ljudi
Rezultati ukazuju na relativno visoku ra{irenost Trichinella spp. kod lisica (5%) i {akala (8,33%) na teritoriji Vojvodine
Summary
Trihineloza je parazitska zoonoza koju izazivaju larve parazita iz roda Trichinella. Srbija spada u zemlje u kojima je T. spiralis pored doma}ihivotinja, prisutna kod sinantropnih i silvati~nihivotinja. Stepen infestacije kod karnivora u Srbiji (10-30 larvi/10g) je mnogo ve}i u odnosu na zemlje u kojim nema trihineloze doma}ihivotinja. Prevalenca trihineloze divljih svinja nije velika, 0,82%, me|utim kod njih je utvr|en vrlo visok stepen infestacije (1100 larvi/g). Prema na{im rezultatima prevalenca trihineloze i stepen infestacije pacova prikupljenih sa farmi na kojim postoji trihineloza svinja je izuzetno veliki, prevalenca je ve}a od 80% sa stepenom infestacije od 900 larvi/g.
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