Abstract
The usefulness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in esophageal cancer has been proven from the results of ATTRACTION-3 and KEYNOTE-181 trials. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab were approved for second-line treatment in patients with esophageal cancer in 2020 and have been used in clinical settings in Japan. Moreover, Overall survival has been improved for the first-line treatment in the results of the KEYNOTE-590 and Checkmate648 trials, combination therapy with either nivolumab or pembrolizumab and 5-FU + cisplatin, and combination therapy of nivolumab + ipilimumab is now at the stage of practical application.
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