Abstract
The author discusses the status of loanwords in cognate languages on the basis of Czech and Russian loanwords in Polish e.g. Polish zakąska ‘snack, starter’ from Russian zakuska ‘hors d’oeuvre’. Such borrowings are usually considered to be lexical (formal-semantic) loanwords, where foreign phonemes have been regularly replaced with the etymologically corresponding phonemes. The author provides evidence that in fact we deal here with the phenomenon of structural calques.
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