Abstract
BackgroundReducing caloric intake is a proven intervention for mitigating and modulating morbidities associated with overnutrition. Caloric restriction is difficult to affect clinically, therefore, dietary interventions that ameliorate the adverse consequences of overnutrition in the presence of a high-calorie diet would be of value.MethodsMice were fed an obesogenic diet containing 60% fat + 10% cellulose (HFC), or a control diet containing 10% fat + 10% cellulose (LFC) for 12 wks. Subgroups of mice were then switched from HFC to each of the following diets for an additional 5 wks: 1) 60% fat + 10% pectin (HFP), 2) LFC or 3) 10% fat + 10% pectin (LFP). To test for statistical differences, one-way or two-way ANOVAs were used with or without repeated measurements as needed.ResultsIn comparison to HFC, HFP prevented additional weight gain while LFC and LFP triggered weight loss of 22.2 and 25.4%, respectively. Mice continued on HFC experienced a weight increase of 26% during the same 5 wk. interval. After 12 wks, HFC decreased mouse locomotion by 18% when compared to control diet, but a diet switch to LFC or LFP restored mouse movement. Importantly, HFP, LFC, and LFP reduced fasting blood glucose when compared to HFC. Likewise, HFP, LFC and LFP improved glucose tolerance and decreased fatty liver by 37.9, 49.8, 53.6 and 20.2%, 37.2, 43.7%, respectively.ConclusionsTaken together, the results indicate that the dietary fiber pectin can mitigate some adverse consequences of overnutrition even in the presence of high-fat.
Highlights
Reducing caloric intake is a proven intervention for mitigating and modulating morbidities associated with overnutrition
Switching from 60% fat + 10% cellulose diet (HFC) to 60% fat + 10% pectin diet (HFP) prevents weight gain, while switching to 10% fat + 10% cellulose diet (LFC) or 10% fat + 10% pectin diet (LFP) causes weight loss To determine the effects of fat and fiber intake on diet-induced obesity, mice were fed a HFC diet for 12 weeks either maintained on the HFC diet or switched to HFP, LFC or LFP
Mice fed HFC for 12 weeks weighed significantly more than mice fed LFC (Table 2, p < 0.001)
Summary
Reducing caloric intake is a proven intervention for mitigating and modulating morbidities associated with overnutrition. Dietary fibers have been proposed as an intervention against obesity [68] Rationale for their use includes a demonstrated ability in humans to reduce appetite, energy intake, and body weight [76, 80]. Dietary fibers (usually classified as soluble or insoluble) are generally carbohydrates from plants that resist digestion and absorption in the human small intestines [1]. Soluble fibers, such as gums, insulin-type fructans, and pectin, dissolve in water and are fermented by the microbiota of the large intestine [41]. In terms of body weight regulation, both soluble and insoluble fibers can promote weight loss [33], but there is an inconsistent relationship between fiber solubility and its ability to reduce appetite
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