Abstract
It will be diffcult to use either omnidirectional or fixed beam antenna due to the high propagation losses caused by atmospheric absorption at mmWave for 5G mobile communication. Several studies have been conducted recently using butler matrix which is part of switchable antenna with some advantages such as simple, minimal cost, low loss, etc. Previous studies also have designed vivaldi array antenna at 28 GHz which provides a fix beam directional radiation pattern with narrow beam that requires real phase setting. However, there has been no research using vivaldi antenna with butler matrix, whereas it has some advantages such as wide bandwidth, high gain, high directivity, etc. This paper proposed 4x4 butler matrix integrated with vivaldi antenna by using phase shift of 45 . The design is developed on a single layer of Rogers RT5880 with dielectric constant 2.2 and thickness 0.254 mm. Best results of simulation were picked for overall system at 28 GHz, and the results of antenna as follows: the return loss was below -10 dB, the realized antennas gain was 10.2 dB with unidirectional radiation pattern and bandwidth antenna of 6 GHz that covers from 25 GHz to 31 GHz. The butler matrix average phase di erent between output port are -44.106°, 137.38°, -137.66°, 43.95° with phase err°r °f 0.894°, 2.38°, 2.66°, 1.06°. Antenna array that has been given di erent phase by butler matrix is able to shift radiation pattern on the input port successively with range of beam that can be achieved equal to 185o.
Highlights
One of the challenges in making a 5G antenna is to design a high gain antenna to avoid high pathloss due to the atmospheric absorption of electromagnet waves at higher frequencies[1][2]
As indicate in figure 1, the proposed design consists of a butler matrix with four inputs and four outputs, each output of the butler matrix serves as a feeding line for the vivaldi antennas and direct the beam to the desired direction according to the selected input port
After the butler matrix has been designed to provide the output of phase di erence of 45o, -135o, 135o, -45o on the output port, it was integrated with four vivaldi antennas which has been designed, the final design of butler matrix-antenna array is shown in Figure 9 with dimension of 20.52 mm 29.52 mm
Summary
One of the challenges in making a 5G antenna is to design a high gain antenna to avoid high pathloss due to the atmospheric absorption of electromagnet waves at higher frequencies[1][2]. It is plays an important role in the transmitter and receiver for 5G communication with some advantages such as easy implementation [12], simple, minimal cost[10], the loss involved is very small[8][13]. The antenna array radiation pattern is capable of shifting in certain directions according to the phase difference assigned to each input. Apart from this introductory remark, this paper has additional three sections.
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