Swingle citrumelo seed vigor and storability associated with fruit maturity classes based on RGB parameters

Francisco Guilhien Gomes-Junior,Julio Marcos-Filho,Natália Arruda

doi:10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0173

Francisco Guilhien Gomes-Junior, Julio Marcos-Filho + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2016-0173

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Journal: Scientia Agricola	Publication Date: Oct 1, 2017
Citations: 7	License type: cc-by

Affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo

Abstract

Citrus seeds normally have low storability. Identifying an optimal fruit harvest time for production of high vigor seeds is important for nurseries; however, identifying this stage for Swingle citrumelo fruits has been based only on visual color examination, and research related to this parameter has been inconsistent. The main objective of this study was to evaluate a red-green-blue (RGB) color measurement system for successful identification of Swingle citrumelo fruits possessing seeds with maximum physiological potential and storability. Fruits were harvested at three ripening stages identified as green (G), greenish-yellow (GY), and yellow (Y) pericarp, photographed, and the images processed using ImageJ software. Data were expressed as the average pixel value of R, G and B color components and a mean RGB pixel value (R+G+B/3). After harvest, seeds were evaluated for water content, germination, seedling emergence, length, dry mass and vigor as measured by the Seed Vigor Imaging System - SVIS (uniformity and vigor indexes) after 0 and 5 months storage (5 °C and 65 % relative humidity). Percentage of ruptured coat seeds was also evaluated after extraction. The R color component provided the best identification of each G, GY and Y fruits. Seeds extracted from GY fruits had higher storage potential compared with seeds from G and Y fruits. Thus, precise fruit ripening classification can be generated using the RGB color system to identify the best time for harvest to obtain seeds with greater physiological and storage potential.

Highlights

Identifying an optimal fruit harvest time for production of high vigor seeds is important for nurseries; identifying this stage for Swingle citrumelo fruits has been based only on visual color examination, and research related to this parameter has been inconsistent
Fruits classified as GY and Y showed a similar pattern for R and G color components and mean RGB pixel value, decreasing in the central portion of 0 to 255 levels (Figures 2B, C, E, F, K and L)
Fruits classified as GY and Y showed a similar pattern of G fruits when based on B color component (Figures 2H and I)

Summary

Introduction

S. Swingle at Eustis, FL (USA) in 1907, producing hybrids tolerant to “tristeza” virus and root-rot organisms (Hutchison, 1974) that are used in all citrus production areas. In Brazil, Swingle citrumelo is one of the preferred rootstocks due to its tolerance to citrus sudden death, a severe disease found in the late 1990s in the Southwest of Minas Gerais State and the North of São Paulo State (Gimenes-Fernandes and Bassanezi, 2003). Nurseries have faced problems in the production of seedling rootstocks such as poor germination and low seed storage potential (Carvalho et al, 2002; Roberts, 1973; Rodrigues et al, 2010), as well as difficulties to identify the optimum fruit ripening stage to obtain high quality seeds (Medina et al, 2005; Silva et al, 2011)

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