Abstract
Four new mexicanolide-type limonoids, swietemicrolides A-D (1-4), together with three known compounds (5-7) were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the bark of Swietenia microphylla. 1 and 2 had 1,8-hemiacetal systems whilst 3 and 4 shared hexacyclic skeletons consisting of three fused five-membered rings. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods. The five limonoids (1-5) were tested in vitro for their cytotoxic effects against two human cancer cell lines (KB carcinoma and A549 lung cancer cells) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. None of them showed significant cytotoxic activity, however, swietemicrolide C (3) exhibited strong effect towards α-glucosidase. Moreover, a possible biosynthetic pathway for compounds 1-4 was proposed to support a comprehensive understanding of the configurations of the new limonoids.
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