Abstract
Some high-carbohydrate diets may lead to obesity and multiple metabolic disorders, including hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). This lipid abnormality is considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The sweet taste receptor TAS1R2 polymorphism (Ile191Val) has been reported to be associated with carbohydrate intake. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of the TAS1R2 gene polymorphism with carbohydrate intake and HTG among the population of West Mexico. In a cross-sectional study, 441 unrelated subjects were analyzed for TAS1R2 genotypes (Ile/Ile, Ile/Val and Val/Val) by an allelic discrimination assay. Biochemical tests and a three-day food record were assessed. The Val/Val genotype carriers had a higher intake of total carbohydrates, fiber and servings of cereals and vegetables than the other genotype carriers. The Val/Val genotype conferred a higher risk for HTG than the Ile/Val and Ile/Ile genotypes (OR = 3.26, 95%CI 1.35–7.86, p = 0.006 and OR = 2.61, 95%CI 1.12–6.07, p = 0.02, respectively). Furthermore, the Val/Val genotype was associated with approximately 30% higher triglycerides compared with Ile/Val and Ile/Ile genotypes (β = 44.09, 95%CI 9.94–78.25, p = 0.01 and β = 45.7, 95%CI 10.85–80.54, p = 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, the Val/Val genotype of TAS1R2 was associated with a higher carbohydrate intake and HTG.
Highlights
The traditional diet of the ancient Mexicans (AD 900-1521) provided essential nutrients, such as dietary fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants to the native population [1,2].This traditional diet appears to have exerted genetic adaptations for regional food sources leading to an efficient use of nutrients [2]
As for lipid metabolism, in this study, we found an association between the Val/Val genotype and high serum TG, as well as an increased risk for HTG compared to the other genotypes
To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the prevalence and association of Val191Val polymorphism with high carbohydrate intake and dyslipidemia in a population of West Mexico, data that may be representative of the Caucasian component predominant in several regions of the country
Summary
The traditional diet of the ancient Mexicans (AD 900-1521) provided essential nutrients, such as dietary fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidants to the native population [1,2].This traditional diet appears to have exerted genetic adaptations for regional food sources leading to an efficient use of nutrients [2]. In the last 30 years, the Mexican population has experienced a nutrition transition characterized by an excessive intake of processed foods [3] Regarding this point, the current diet among the people of West Mexico is marked by a frequent consumption of industrially sweetened beverages containing high-fructose corn syrup, refried foods in oil or lard, red meat, and confectionary foods [4]. The current diet among the people of West Mexico is marked by a frequent consumption of industrially sweetened beverages containing high-fructose corn syrup, refried foods in oil or lard, red meat, and confectionary foods [4] These food trends have changed the nutritional composition of the traditional diet by increasing the proportional amount of simple carbohydrates, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol [4,5]. It has been documented that the long-term consumption of this type of unbalanced diet is a crucial risk factor for the development of obesity, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver
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