Sweet google O’ mine—The importance of online search engines for MS-facilitated, database-independent identification of peptide-encoded book prefaces: A EUPA YPIC challenge entry

ALL physicists and chemists, with many who, though less directly, are yet no less deeply interested in the subjects opened up by the study of the phenomena of the discharge tube, will rejoice that Sir J. J. Thomson has found time, amid his many preoccupations, to bring out this second edition of his well-known monograph on rays of positive electricity. The output of scientific work is now so enormous that it is difficult to keep pace with it even in one's own special line of study. It would be practi cally impossible, if it were not for the assistance given by books such as this, ever to come abreast once more of a subject in which one has once fallen behind. In writing this clear and authoritative account of the present state of a subject which he has done so much to develop, Sir J. J. Thomson has performed a real service to science. Rays of Positive Electricity and their Application to Chemical Analyses. By Sir J. J. Thomson. (Monographs on Physics.) Second edition. Pp. x+237+ix pl. (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1921.) 16s. net.

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The discharge of electricity through gases is a subject that has had a most wonderful growth, — a growth possibly greater than that of any other single division in physics. With the discovery of cathode rays, X-rays, radioactivity, and rays of positive electricity, a new era was begun. The cathode rays were the first of the above to be brought to our attention, however, but little was known of their properties until the researches of the last decade. About fifteen years ago the wonderful X- or Roentgen rays were discovered. A few years later came that almost revolutionizing discovery of radioactivity, — revolutionizing because we are obliged to change our conceptions regarding the molecule and atom. Another of equal importance because of its bearing upon chemical composition, is afforded by J. J. Thomson's recent investigations on rays of positive electricity.

Shotgun proteomics data analysis usually relies on database search. However, commonly used protein sequence databases do not contain information on protein variants and thus prevent variant peptides and proteins from been identified. Including known coding variations into protein sequence databases could help alleviate this problem. Based on our recently published human Cancer Proteome Variation Database, we have created a protein sequence database that comprehensively annotates thousands of cancer-related coding variants collected in the Cancer Proteome Variation Database as well as noncancer-specific ones from the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP). Using this database, we then developed a data analysis workflow for variant peptide identification in shotgun proteomics. The high risk of false positive variant identifications was addressed by a modified false discovery rate estimation method. Analysis of colorectal cancer cell lines SW480, RKO, and HCT-116 revealed a total of 81 peptides that contain either noncancer-specific or cancer-related variations. Twenty-three out of 26 variants randomly selected from the 81 were confirmed by genomic sequencing. We further applied the workflow on data sets from three individual colorectal tumor specimens. A total of 204 distinct variant peptides were detected, and five carried known cancer-related mutations. Each individual showed a specific pattern of cancer-related mutations, suggesting potential use of this type of information for personalized medicine. Compatibility of the workflow has been tested with four popular database search engines including Sequest, Mascot, X!Tandem, and MyriMatch. In summary, we have developed a workflow that effectively uses existing genomic data to enable variant peptide detection in proteomics.

The purpose of this study is to put forth the current situation of studies examining the problems faced in the education of Syrian students attending schools in Turkey within the scope of formal education through meta-synthesis. In line with the study purpose, studies with qualitative findings and results related to the subject were examined and synthesized, and the results related to the subject were presented with a holistic perspective. The keywords of Syrians, foreign students, immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers, and temporary protection were used during the literature review search conducted to determine the studies to be discussed within the scope of the study. The searches were carried out on online databases and search engines between February 15, 2020 and April 18, 2020. Google Scholar, Sobiad, Dergipark, ULAKBİM, YÖK National Thesis Center, ERIC, Academia, Researchgate, EBSCOhost, and Web of Science were the online search engines used for the searches. The studies found as a result of the literature review were re-examined considering the criteria determined for the study. A total of 80 studies (61 articles and 19 theses) formed the studies from which the study data were collected. The data obtained by paying attention to the main study purpose and study questions were analyzed using the content analysis method. According to the study results, the problems encountered in the education of Syrian students and the recommendations given were examined under six categories, namely classroom management, academic achievement, communication, family, administration, and students’ psychosocial status. Recommendations for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers were developed based on the results obtained from the studies examined within the scope of the study.

This article explores the availability of individual private rights of action under the Platform-to-Business Regulation. It is argued that Member States are required to provide for such remedies for the benefit of business users of online intermediation services and corporate website users. Individual rights of action are necessary, first, to ensure an adequate and effective level of overall enforcement and, second, to effectuate the implicit rights that must be inferred from the obligations the Regulation imposes on providers of online intermediation services and search engines. To make this case, we illustrate the practical relevance and deficiencies of individual rights of action using several German court cases; examine the key elements of the Regulation’s ‘visible’ enforcement architecture; apply the ECJ’s case lines on implicit individual rights and private rights of action as a non-specified enforcement tool; and provide an analysis of the potential added value and perceived weaknesses of individual rights of action as a mechanism to enforce the Regulation. Platform-to-business regulation 2019/1150, private enforcement, individual rights of action, online intermediation services, online search engines, amazon marketplace, platform economy, choice-of-court agreements, principle of effectiveness

A crucial component of the analysis of shotgun proteomics datasets is the search engine, an algorithm that attempts to identify the peptide sequence from the parent molecular ion that produced each fragment ion spectrum in the dataset. There are many different search engines, both commercial and open source, each employing a somewhat different technique for spectrum identification. The set of high-scoring peptide-spectrum matches for a defined set of input spectra differs markedly among the various search engine results; individual engines each provide unique correct identifications among a core set of correlative identifications. This has led to the approach of combining the results from multiple search engines to achieve improved analysis of each dataset. Here we review the techniques and available software for combining the results of multiple search engines and briefly compare the relative performance of these techniques.

Although online search engine service provide a convenient means to search for information on the World Wide Web, it also poses a risk of disclosing privacy. Regardless of such risk, most of users are neither aware of their personal information being exposed on search results nor how to redress the issue by requesting removal of information. According to the 2015 parliamentary inspection of government offices, many government agencies were criticized for mishandling of personal information and its leakage on online search engine such as Google. Considering the fact that the personal information leakage via online search engine has drawn the attention at the government level, the online search engine and privacy issue needs to be rectified. This paper, by examining current online search engines, studies the degree of personal information exposure on online search results and its underlying issues. Lastly, based on research result, the paper provides a sound policy and direction to the removal of exposed personal information with respect to search engine service provider and user respectively.

Enhanced Peptide Identification by Electron Transfer Dissociation Using an Improved Mascot Percolator

Rays of positive electricity and their application to chemical analyses. By Sir J. J. Thomson, O. M. F.R.S. Second edition. Pp. x + 237. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1921. Price 16s.

The 2007 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry Presented to Klaus Biemann, Ph.D., of The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts

<i>Rays of Positive Electricity and their Application to Chemical Analysis</i> . By Sir J. J. Thomson. Longmans, Green &amp; Co. 1913. Pp. vi+132. Price, $1.40

(1910). LXXXIII. Rays of positive electricity. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 20, No. 118, pp. 752-767.

<i>Rays of Positive Electricity and their Application to Chemical Analysis</i> . By Sir J. J. Thomson. Longmans, Green &amp; Co. 1913. Pp. vi+132. Price, $1.40

(1911). XXVI. Rays of positive electricity. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 21, No. 122, pp. 225-249.