Abstract
BackgroundTo increase health and well-being in young children, it is important to acknowledge and promote the child’s sleep behaviour. However, there is a lack of brief, validated sleep screening instruments for children. The aims of the study were to (1) present a Swedish translation of the PISI, (2) examine the factor structure of the Swedish version of PISI, and test the reliability and validity of the PISI factor structure in a sample of healthy children in Sweden.MethodsThe English version of the PISI was translated into Swedish, translated back into English, and agreed upon before use. Parents of healthy 3- to 10-year-old children filled out the Swedish version of the PISI and the generic health-related quality of life instrument KIDSCREEN-27 two times. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for baseline and test-retest, structural equation modelling, and correlations between the PISI and KIDSCREEN-27 were performed.ResultsIn total, 160 parents filled out baseline questionnaires (test), whereof 100 parents (63%) filled out the follow-up questionnaires (retest). Confirmative factor analysis of the PISI found two correlated factors: sleep onset problems (SOP) and sleep maintenance problems (SMP). The PISI had substantial construct and test-retest reliability. The PISI factors were related to all KIDSCREEN-27 dimensions.ConclusionsThe Swedish version of the PISI is applicable for screening sleep problems and is a useful aid in dialogues with families about sleep.
Highlights
To increase health and well-being in young children, it is important to acknowledge and promote the child’s sleep behaviour
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses After a series of exploratory factor analyses, we found that the communality of item 6 was low, and it was excluded in further analyses
The final exploratory model was found to have two factors: sleep onset problems (SOP) and sleep maintenance problems (SMP)
Summary
To increase health and well-being in young children, it is important to acknowledge and promote the child’s sleep behaviour. There is a lack of brief, validated sleep screening instruments for children. Sleep disturbances in children are an increasing public health problem. One out of four children under the age of five has been reported by their parents to have sleep disturbances [1], leading to physical as well as behavioural problems [1–3]. Child health care providers, who regularly meet young children and their parents, play a major role in detecting sleep disturbances in children [6, 7]. Parental knowledge about the signs and consequences of sleep disturbances in children is poor, and if parents do not recognize when their children’s sleep habits fall outside the expected range for their age, they might not support and encourage the child to practise healthy sleep [8]
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