Abstract
Sweat includes active components and metabolites, which are needed to maintain skin homeostasis. Component changes in sweat derived from atopic dermatitis (AD) have been reported. To investigate the influence of sweat components on the pathogenesis of AD, we performed a multifaceted assessment, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis, and linked these features to clinical features of AD. Distinctive properties of AD sweat are the quite-variation in protein, anti-microbial peptides and glucose concentrations. pH, sodium, and other salt levels in sweat of AD were comparable to that of healthy subjects. Sweat from AD patients with acute inflammation had a more prominent increase in glucose concentration than sweat from healthy individuals or those with AD with chronic inflammation. Topical glucose application delayed recovery of transepidermal water loss in barrier-disrupted mice. Furthermore, the glucose transporter GLUT2 was highly expressed in the lumen of sweat glands from AD patients. AD patients with chronic inflammation had significantly increased GLUT2 mRNA expression and near normal sweat glucose levels. Despite the small sample size in our study, we speculate that the increased glucose levels might be affected by AD severity and phenotype. We hope that this report will bring novel insight into the impact of sweat components on the clinical manifestation of AD.
Highlights
We investigated the properties of sweat from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and found that it had different features compared with sweat from healthy subjects
Until we performed this study, we expected that an increase in the pH of AD sweat may contribute to barrier dysfunction in AD
The altered properties of sweat from AD patients may not be the result of low sweat rate alone
Summary
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Sweat helps maintain homeostasis in humans [1,2,3], providing thermoregulation, protection from infection and irritants (e.g., proteases and allergens), and moisturizing effects. These critical functions are mediated by the substances contained in sweat.
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