Abstract
This paper focuses on a multi-agent coordination for demand-side management in electrical grids with high penetration rates of distributed generation, in particular photovoltaic generation. This coordination is done by the use of swarm intelligence and coupled oscillators, proposing a novel methodology, which is implemented by the so-call SwarmGrid algorithm. SwarmGrid seeks to smooth the aggregated consumption by considering distributed and local generation by the development of a self-organized algorithm based on multifrequency agent coordination. The objective of this algorithm is to increase stability and reduce stress of the electrical grid by the aggregated consumption smoothing based on a frequency domain approach. The algorithm allows not only improvements in the electrical grid, but also increases the penetration of distributed and renewable sources. Contrary to other approaches, this objective is achieved anonymously without the need for information exchange between the users; it only takes into account the aggregated consumption of the whole grid.
Highlights
Electricity power systems have been designed by following a vertical integration scheme: large power generators supply energy to multiple consumers through a hierarchical transport and distribution network
The grid without Distributed Generation (DG): in this scenario, there are no Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), and the SwarmGrid algorithm just manages the consumption of the electrical grid to smooth the aggregated consumption
The SwarmGrid algorithm has a number of valuable features for Demand-Side Management (DSM) that it borrows from swarm intelligence and coupled oscillators algorithms: self-organization, adaptability, low information exchange, local conditions and anonymous communication:
Summary
Electricity power systems have been designed by following a vertical integration scheme: large power generators supply energy to multiple consumers through a hierarchical transport and distribution network. Nowadays, Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are changing this situation They consist of a wide range of local generators and storage systems, which are geographically dispersed, generally close to consumption centers and locally managed [1]. Energies 2018, 11, 2476 the maximum and minimum consumption power [5] This smoothing requires the coordination of thousands or even millions of elements spread over a certain area. The environment is an electrical grid, and SwarmGrid focuses on the problem of smoothing the aggregated consumption in an environment where Distributed Generation (DG) is part of the system.
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