Abstract
This present study aimed to investigate the effect of training and detraining on the growth, chemical composition, white muscle fibers, and filet texture of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Fish were divided into control and training groups, which were subjected to water velocities of 0.2 and 1.0 body length per second (bl s−1), respectively, for 32 days (phase I). Half of the fish in the training group were then randomly selected and detrained at a velocity of 0.2 bl s−1 for another 32 days (detraining group), while the velocity of the remaining fish in the training group (1 bl s−1), and control group (0.2 bl s−1) remained unchanged (phase II). The results showed that the growth, body composition, and white muscle fiber densities of the control and trained fish were not significantly different in either phase. Training significantly altered the muscle fiber distribution (P < 0.05), with the training group having fewer 80–90 μm fibers than the control and detraining group at the end of the experiment (P < 0.05). The training group also had significantly higher values for white fiber muscle textural parameters (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness) in phase I (P < 0.05), and these parameters correlated significantly with pH (P < 0.05). However, these differences in texture and the pH correlation weakened when the fish were detrained in phase II. These results indicated that an increase in muscle pH after training may alter the flesh texture characteristics of sea bass. In addition, sustained swimming could induce a reversible change in the filet texture of sea bass.
Highlights
Swimming is an important aspect of the life history of most teleost fish species in aquatic environments
Significant differences in white muscle cellularity between trained and untrained fish have been observed (Davison, 1997; Johnston, 1999; Bugeon et al, 2003; Martin and Johnston, 2005; Ibarz et al, 2011), and the parameters responsible for these differences may be related to flesh quality (Periago et al, 2005)
In phase II, to study the effect of detraining, the training group was evenly divided into two groups in triplicate: in one group, the water velocity was under a 12:12 h cycle
Summary
Swimming is an important aspect of the life history of most teleost fish species in aquatic environments. Teleost fish have a great capacity for both sustained (Magnoni et al, 2013; Palstra et al, 2015) and burst swimming (Tudorache et al, 2010; Osachoff et al, 2014), and high water velocities promote the growth and feed conversion efficiency of these fish (Jobling et al, 1993; Davison, 1997). Significant differences in white muscle cellularity between trained and untrained fish have been observed (Davison, 1997; Johnston, 1999; Bugeon et al, 2003; Martin and Johnston, 2005; Ibarz et al, 2011), and the parameters responsible for these differences may be related to flesh quality (Periago et al, 2005). Training has been found to change the flesh quality (Palstra and Planas, 2011), the duration of these changes is largely unknown, which is important to design a training strategy aimed at improving flesh quality
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