Sustained release of edaravone from (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin mediated tamarind kernel powder/kappa-carrageenan hydrogel: Microwave-assisted synthesis and optimization using experimental design

Abstract

In the current study, a sustained release formulation made of natural polysaccharide tamarind kernel powder/kappa-carrageenan and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (2-Hp-β-CD) was chosen to increase drug effectiveness. A kappa-carrageenan and tamarind kernel powder 3-D hydrogel network was synthesized with the aid of microwave irradiations. The ICs complexes were prepared using a physical mixture (PM), kneading (KM), and microwave (MW) approach and were then successfully loaded into the hydrogel. The synthesis of ICs was verified as a true IC using DSC, SEM, FTIR, 1H NMR, and 2D NMR ROESY. A study on the in vitro sustained release of EV at pH 2, 7, and 7.4 was conducted at 37 °C. The microwave (MW) method was the most effective method for preparing true ICs of EV and 2-Hp-β-CD for sustained drug release, as evidenced by the drug release data, which indicated that PM and KM displayed a burst release of the drug. Ritger-Peppas and Peppas-Sahlin were essential models for drug release. A phase solubility analysis was done to evaluate the IC's stoichiometry and complexation constant. Studies on drug release have shown that 2-Hp-β-CD was effective at causing pH-responsive sustained drug release.