Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate electrospinning poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffold with different contents of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), which is suitable for using in bone regeneration through sustained release of calcium and orthophosphate ions. Three groups of nanofibrous scaffolds, ACP-free PLLA, ACP-5 wt%/PLLA and ACP-10 wt%/PLLA, are developed and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Calcium and phosphate colorimetric assay kits are used to test ions released from scaffold during hydrolytic degradation. The results show ACP-5 wt%/PLLA and ACP-10 wt%/PLLA scaffolds have relatively high degradation rates than ACP-free PLLA group. The bioactivity evaluation further reveals that ACP-5 wt%/PLLA scaffold presents more biocompatible feature with pre-osteoblast cells and significant osteogenesis ability of calvarial bone defect. Due to the facile preparation method, sustained calcium and orthophosphate release behavior, and excellent osteogenesis capacity, the presented ACP/PLLA nanofibrous scaffold has potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
Highlights
During the conversion of ACP to crystalline phase, it always accompanied with calcium and orthophosphate ions release[17,18,19]
It is rational to deduce that ACP has possibility to achieve the enhanced bone regeneration and osteointegration over the insoluble crystalline calcium phosphates since it can serve as a vehicle to deliver calcium and orthophosphate ions
X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed no discernable peaks of crystalline calcium phosphate but a characteristic hump of amorphous phase at around 30° (Fig. S1, Supplementary Information)
Summary
During the conversion of ACP to crystalline phase, it always accompanied with calcium and orthophosphate ions release[17,18,19]. In vivo studies demonstrated that phosphate containing hydrogels had ability to facilitate bone growth within a critical-size cranial defect[28,29]. Based on these backgrounds, it is rational to deduce that ACP has possibility to achieve the enhanced bone regeneration and osteointegration over the insoluble crystalline calcium phosphates since it can serve as a vehicle to deliver calcium and orthophosphate ions. We develop ACP particle and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) based nanofibrous scaffold by electrospinning method, aiming to achieve the long-term and adjustable delivery of calcium and orthophosphate ions. Its degradation and ACP transformation are examined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and colorimetric assay
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