Abstract
A prerequisite for achieving high energy efficiency of water supply systems (understood as using less energy to perform the same task) is the appropriate selection of all elements and their rational use. Energy consumption in water supply systems (WSS) is closely connected with water demand. Especially in the case of oversized water supply systems for which consumers’ water demand is at least 50% less than previously planned and flow velocity in some parts of the system is below 0.01 m·s−1, this problem of excessive energy consumption can be observed. In the literature, it is difficult to find descriptions and methods of energy management for such a case. The purpose of this study was both an evaluation of the current demand of an oversized WSS and a preliminary technical analysis of the possibility for energy saving. Solutions are presented that resulted in improvements in energy management, thus increasing energy efficiency. The conducted analyses indicate the wide use of numerical, hydraulic models, among others, for the needs of the sustainable oversize water supply systems management in order to improve energy efficiency. Those simulations only give energy consumption results as a first step in the process of decision-making for the modernization process, in which investment costs should be taken into account as a second step. Thus, this paper emphasizes the crucial role of hydraulic models as a good analytical tool used in decision support systems (DSS), especially for large, oversized water supply systems.
Highlights
Due to the increasing importance of sustainable development and environmental awareness of society, effective energy management plays an increasingly important role in the business entities of many industries [1]
The highest energy consumption was recorded in PS K and PS L, which consumed almost 55.1% of the energy used by the whole system
The analyses indicate the correct use of hydraulic models for the needs of energy management in an oversized water supply systems (WSS)
Summary
Due to the increasing importance of sustainable development and environmental awareness of society, effective energy management plays an increasingly important role in the business entities of many industries [1]. Energy efficiency management is associated with a number of benefits fulfilling social, environmental, and financial objectives, such as [6]: a reduction in energy consumption costs, including electricity consumption of water companies; a 4.0/). An increasing number of water company utilities attach great importance to more responsible energy management [10], which is related, among other things, to the need for more efficient and reliable management of the drinking water supply system [11]. The first EU climate and energy package was specified at the time as the 3 × 20 This package assumes achieving a 20% reduction in CO2 emissions and obtaining a 20% share of energy generated by renewable energy sources in total energy production, and increasing the EU energy efficiency by 20% till 2020 [12,13,14,15]. Consistent implementation of the European Green Deal policies is key to realisation of the objectives set in climate and the EU’s long-term strategy, to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 [16]
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