Abstract
In many countries, apple pomace (AP) is one of the most produced types of agri-food waste (globally, it is produced at a rate of ~4 million tons/year). If not managed properly, such bio-organic waste can cause serious pollution of the natural environment and public health hazards, mainly due to the risk of microbial contamination. This review shows that AP can be successfully reused in different industrial sectors—for example, as a source of energy and bio-materials—according to the idea of sustainable development. The recovered active compounds from AP can be applied as preservatives, antioxidants, anti-corrosion agents, wood protectors or biopolymers. Raw or processed forms of AP can also be considered as feedstocks for various bioenergy applications such as the production of intermediate bioenergy carriers (e.g., biogas and pyrolysis oil), and materials (e.g., biochar and activated carbon). In the future, AP and its active ingredients can be of great use due to their non-toxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Given the increasing mass of produced AP, the commercial applications of AP could have a huge economic impact in the future.
Highlights
Academic Editors: RossanaEffective waste management is one of the greatest environmental challenges the world is facing today
This review presents the scale of apple pomace (AP) of production, possible and utilization of apple waste, which creates a possibility to reuse it and put it back lization as a source of active compounds and biopolymers, a feedstockinto for the pr the supply chain
The scientists demonstrated that this type of anode delivered a reversible capacity of 300 mAh·g−1, close to that obtained for graphite in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) (372 mAh·g−1 ) [55]
Summary
Effective waste management is one of the greatest environmental challenges the world is facing today. Apple and Apple Pomace Production in Poland and the World means of its utilization as a source of active compounds and biopolymers, a feedstock for According to theand statistics, apples third place From 2010 to 2018, the annual production of apples in Poland ranged from apple pomace), which is considered a that post-industrial organic [19] It is estimated about 50% of all apples waste produced in Based facts, it can be calculated that about. 0.40–0.48 kg of AP is produced depending on the apple variety and processing type [22]
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