Abstract
The escalating generation of marble waste and the substantial carbon footprint associated with cement production pose significant environmental challenges. Thus, by substituting fly ash for supplementary cementitious material and using leftover marble waste for fine aggregate in concrete can reduce cost and carbon emissions that may lead to sustainable development. The presented paper aims to study the effect of partial substitution of marble slurry with natural fine aggregates and fly ash as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) on Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). Polycarboxylate Ether (PCE) based superplasticizer (SP) was added in the concrete mix, to decrease the demand of higher water to binder (w/b) ratio. After developing SCC, fresh state properties and compressive strength (CS) at the curing age of 7 and 28 days were evaluated. To maximize the utilization of marble slurry and fly ash, mixture optimization was performed using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD), a robust technique within the response surface methodology (RSM) framework. Rheological analysis was performed to analyse the fresh state behaviour of the SCC with the help of the Bingham and Modified Bingham (MB) models. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were also carried out to study the behaviour of the marble slurry and fly ash in the concrete. Carbon emission and cost analysis of SCC was evaluated at different replacement level of the marble slurry and fly ash. It was inferred that marble slurry and fly ash can be used in the certain percentages without compromising any strengthen and flowability properties of the SCC. The rheological behaviour also confirmed that linear and nonlinear behaviour of SCC in the certain mix proportion may results in the formation of the stable SCC. The analysis of cost and carbon emission confirmed that sustainable SCC mixture achieved substantial reductions of 21.44 % in cost and a remarkable 47.71 % decrease in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions compared to conventional concrete.
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