Abstract
Modular Building Systems (MBS) offer numerous benefits in terms of productivity, sustainability and safety. Therefore, MBSs are considered as a viable option to sort out the housing crisis in Britain as well as to drive Britain towards sustainable construction. Development in materials, manufacturing techniques, connection types and structural designs with respect to offsite construction is essential to achieve sustainable goals. Recent advancements in steel manufacturing, including Cold-Formed Steel (CFS), have showed potential benefits in structural performance compared to concrete and timber. Meanwhile, research was conducted to enhance the structural capacities of CFS sections by introducing different cross-sections, composite sections and techniques including optimization. Built-up sections were developed by connecting more than one channel section, and various research studies were conducted to assess their structural performances. However, sustainable performance of built-up sections in modular constructions is still unknown. Hence, this paper intends to develop an MBS using built-up sections for better sustainable performance. Literature review was carried out on the sustainability benefits of MBSs in terms of economic, environmental and social aspects. In addition to that, numerical analysis was performed to investigate the flexural capacity of built-up sections with different screw arrangements to address the sustainable aspects of modular construction by introducing novel sections. The numerical description, results and validations are also stated. Numerical results revealed that flexural capacities of built-up sections are improved up to 156% than those of single sections. Finally, the utilization of built-up sections in modular construction with sustainability enhancement is addressed and illustrated in a conceptual diagram.
Highlights
Several ancient industries such as manufacturing, textile, food and agriculture have evolved by adapting new technologies
Mesh sizes of mm mm were bodied carbon is reduced by 20% with the usage of modular steel framings
Modular improved structural performance material efficiency are the targets of moduconstruction is one of the and emerging modern methods of key construction
Summary
Several ancient industries such as manufacturing, textile, food and agriculture have evolved by adapting new technologies. The construction industry remained stubborn in the adoption of new technologies, excluding of machineries, which were introduced to reduce human effort and time. Conventional methods of construction are labour intensive, time consuming, less productive, less predictable, high energy consuming (buildings account for 32% of global energy and almost 10% of energy related to direct CO2 emissions [1]), threatening to the environment in terms of carbon emissions (the building sector is responsible for 40% of global carbon emission [2]), air pollution and noise pollution and subjected to weather constraints, but are still considered as the predominant construction practice even in developed countries such as the United.
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