Abstract
Palm oil production from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is vital for the economy of Malaysia. As of late, sustainable production of palm oil has been a key focus due to demand by consumer groups, and important progress has been made in establishing standards that promote good agricultural practices that minimize impact on the environment. In line with the industrial goal to build a traceable supply chain, several measures have been implemented to ensure that traceability can be monitored. Although the palm oil supply chain can be highly complex, and achieving full traceability is not an easy task, the industry has to be proactive in developing improved systems that support the existing methods, which rely on recorded information in the supply chain. The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) as the custodian of the palm oil industry in Malaysia has taken the initiative to assess and develop technologies that can ensure authenticity and traceability of palm oil in the major supply chains from the point of harvesting all the way to key downstream applications. This review describes the underlying framework related to palm oil geographical traceability using various state-of-the-art analytical techniques, which are also being explored to address adulteration in the global palm oil supply chain.
Highlights
Palm oil is extracted from the mesocarp of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), which belongs to the family (Arecaceae), and is of West African origin
Research carried out on traceability of edible oils examines both the botanical origin and/or the geographical region from where it has been sourced [41,42,43,44]. In both scenarios, identifying discriminating markers or compounds is typically complicated in light of the fact that the oil composition is determined by a multitude of interactive factors involving the genetic background of the planting material, environment in which it is planted, ripeness of the bunch at harvest, and oil extraction technology implemented in the mill
The ability to classify palm oil based on its geographical origin and authenticate its purity using new state-of-the-art techniques is vital to support the current certification procedures, which are largely based on available documentation
Summary
Palm oil is extracted from the mesocarp of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), which belongs to the family (Arecaceae), and is of West African origin. In order to ensure traceability across the supply chain, ideally sustainably produced palm oil that has met RSPO or MSPO standards has to be kept physically separate from non-certified produced palm oil from the point of production to the port and until the stage it reaches consumers. This will ensure that traceability in the supply chain can be monitored using appropriate analytical tools This will add value to the current certification system in place used to determine if the palm oil being traded has been produced in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner. The strengths and shortcomings of existing methods used to discriminate vegetable oils, such as olive oil, based on their geographical origin was summarized [28] This analysis is a good starting point, where the available information can facilitate the development of appropriate analytical tools for establishing a traceability system for palm oil across its supply chain. Malaysia is looking at various options to strengthen its palm oil product traceability and authentication system to ensure a sustainable industry
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