Abstract
In recent years, the rapid economic development in Taiwan has resulted in greater complexity in handling industrial hazardous waste. The main aim of this paper was to present a trend analysis of the online reported amounts of industrial hazardous waste from the official database over the past decade (2010–2020). In addition, this study focused on the environmental policies and regulatory measures for the mandatory material resources from industrial hazardous waste according to the promulgation of the revised Waste Management Act. It was found that the annual reported amounts of industrial hazardous waste ranged from 1200 thousand metric tons to 1600 thousand metric tons, reflecting a balanced relationship between the industrial production and waste management. Based on the principles of resource recycling and circular economy, some case studies for specific types of industrial hazardous waste (including spent acid etchant, spent pickling liquid, and spent dimethyl formamide-contained liquid) were compiled to echo the government efforts in sustainable material management. In Taiwan, recycling amounts in 2020 were recorded up to 92,800, 130,460, and 54,266 metric tons, respectively. It was suggested to be a successful circular economy model in the printed circuit boards, steel/iron processing, and synthetic leather industries. In order to effectively reduce the environmental loadings and conserve material resources from industrial hazardous waste, some recommendations were also addressed to provide for the policy makers, environmental engineers and process manager.
Highlights
The term hazardous waste refers to any solid, semisolid, or liquid that poses a significant threat to human health and environment risks due to its toxicity characteristics and hazardous constituents
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) [2], hazardous waste has been defined as being either a listed hazardous waste or a characteristic hazardous waste. The former is one that appears on the list of hazardous and/or toxic substances, which were identified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
They include the hazardous waste from nonspecific sources (EPA waste number coded by “F”), the hazardous waste from specific sources (EPA waste number coded by “K”), the acutely hazardous commercial chemical products and manufacturing chemical intermediates (EPA waste number coded by “P”), and toxic commercial chemical products and manufacturing chemical intermediates
Summary
The term hazardous waste refers to any solid, semisolid, or liquid that poses a significant threat to human health and environment risks due to its toxicity characteristics and hazardous constituents. Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) [2], hazardous waste has been defined as being either a listed hazardous waste or a characteristic hazardous waste. The former is one that appears on the list of hazardous and/or toxic substances, which were identified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). They include the hazardous waste from nonspecific sources (EPA waste number coded by “F”), the hazardous waste from specific sources (EPA waste number coded by “K”), the acutely hazardous commercial chemical products and manufacturing chemical intermediates (EPA waste number coded by “P”), and toxic commercial chemical products and manufacturing chemical intermediates (EPA waste number coded by “U”) [1].
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