Abstract
The structure of municipal sewage sludge management in Poland, along with the change in legal regulations, has changed radically. The management of sewage sludge is of key importance for environmental pollution and limiting the negative impact on human health. This article presents current legal policies in Poland, methods of commonly used sewage sludge management in European countries, discusses the selection of an appropriate method for the disposal of municipal sewage sludge and an analysis of the current state of sewage sludge management in Poland. In addition, the difficulties associated with the adaptation of sewage sludge management for the requirements of sustainable development are discussed. The article contains foundations, challenges and concerns related to the thermal transformation of municipal sediments. Also forecast and directions of activities in sewage sludge management in Poland are presented.
Highlights
Municipal sewage sludge is a specific type of waste that arises in the everyday processes of life, work, leisure activities and during industrial processes
In accordance with the principles of the closed-circular economy, sustainable development in sewage sludge management should primarily be based on recovery and, subsequently, on disposal
Compost obtained from sewage sludge processing can be used for soil preservation or recultivation of degraded areas
Summary
Municipal sewage sludge is a specific type of waste that arises in the everyday processes of life, work, leisure activities and during industrial processes. Due to the proper calorific value, attention was paid to the possibility of using sewage sludge as a renewable fuel This substrate can be used as a source of energy and heat in conventional and new technologies, and as a substrate for soil fertilization and remediation if the applied technology allows to obtain a quality product. Such re-use of sewage sludge is economically viable and environmentally friendly compared to handling waste and landfill disposal. Certain legal restrictions, concerning communal sewage sludge, applied after 1.01.2016 are strongly affecting the structure of management of the sewage sludge in Poland
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