Abstract
Mangrove management has been a sustainable concern in coastal wetlands for decades, especially for original near-shore wetlands and environments without mangrove forests. Although studies outlining environmental, social, and economic benefits of mangrove forests have been increasing, few studies have examined sustainability and policies for reducing or removing mangroves. This study explores the current implemented strategies pertaining to the invasion, conservation, and removal of mangroves for wetland sustainability. A total of 19 mangrove sites were sorted out to develop the main patterns and factors for the destruction or protection in estuaries on the western coast of Taiwan. For traditional wetland management, when faced with development pressure, having protected areas under certain laws is a good direction to go for mangrove sustainability. Furthermore, due to the invasion of mangroves in the mudflats, the Siangshan Wetland indicated mangrove removal can be a positive conservation case as an appropriate habitat rehabilitation strategy for benthic organisms. Under special conditions, mangrove removal provides useful insights into the sustainability of wetlands. These insights contribute to facilitating the worldwide move towards sustainable management on mangrove wetlands. The study also presents the following strategies to further reduce or remove mangroves in the coastal wetlands that contain no mangrove forests: (1) Conducting studies to evaluate the effectiveness of mangrove removal; (2) implementing policies to ensure positive influences on coastal wetlands, and (3) providing mangrove conservation education for sustainable development.
Highlights
A wetland is a place where the land is covered by water, either salt water, fresh water or concentrations in between the two extremes [1]
The benefits of mangroves are well documented in many studies, but few studies have examined the sustainability and policies related to mangrove invasion and removal in the coastal wetlands
Mangrove removal is a sustainable implementation for the restoration of non-native mangrove habitats and provides valuable ecological information for coastal managers or officials seeking to control the spread of mangroves
Summary
A wetland is a place where the land is covered by water, either salt water, fresh water or concentrations in between the two extremes [1]. The classification of wetlands are differentiated by their developmental characteristics and the environment in which they exist, including bog, fen, marsh, swamp, and shallow water [2,3]. A previous study proved the value of wetlands to humans and reviewed some of the endangered and threatened flora and fauna, and examples of endangered and threatened reptiles, amphibians, fish, and birds that depend on wetlands [4]. Wetlands are the most productive environments in the world and are vital for human survival. The importance and benefits of wetlands include freshwater supply, food and building materials, rich biodiversity, carbon storage, flood control, groundwater refill, and climate change mitigation [5]. Understanding the factors controlling wetland vegetation community composition is vital to conservation and biodiversity management [7]. Wetland management has faced a global challenge as wetland areas and their quality continue to decline and ecosystem services are compromised
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