Abstract
Titanium is one of the most interesting materials in modern manufacturing thanks to its good mechanical properties and light weight. These features make it very attractive for use in the aeronautical and aerospace industries. Important alloys, such as Ti6Al4V, are extensively used. Nevertheless, titanium alloys present several problems in machining processes. Their machinability is poor, affected by low thermal conductivity, which generates very high cutting temperatures and thermal gradients in the cutting tool. Lubricants and cutting fluids have traditionally been used to solve this problem. However, this option is unsustainable as such lubricants represent a risk to the environment and to the health of the operator due to their different chemical components. Therefore, novel, sustainable and green lubrication techniques are necessary. Dry machining is the most sustainable option. Nevertheless, difficult-to-machine materials like titanium alloys cannot be machined under these conditions, leading to very high cutting temperatures and excessive tool wear. This study is intended to describe, analyse and review the non-traditional lubrication techniques developed in turning, drilling and milling processes since 2015, including minimum quantity of lubricant, cryogenic lubrication, minimum quantity of cooling lubrication or high-pressure coolant. The aim is to provide a general overview of the recent advances in each technique for the main machining processes.
Highlights
Because of their mechanical properties, titanium and titanium alloys are one of the most commonly used materials in manufacturing processes in certain key industries such as the aeronautical, aerospace and medical ones
The purpose of this paper is to provide firstly a general overview of each technique, and a detailed analysis of each one, addressing the principal machining processes, based on the most novel works found in the published literature, and always with regard to titanium and titanium alloys
Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in industry for aeronautical and biomedical applications, thanks to their good mechanical properties and low density
Summary
Because of their mechanical properties, titanium and titanium alloys are one of the most commonly used materials in manufacturing processes in certain key industries such as the aeronautical, aerospace and medical ones These alloys exhibit high strength while being very light [1], and have very high wear and corrosion resistance. Ti553 alloy is a relatively modern alloy, which is gaining prominence in applications in the automotive, chemical and medical industries because of its excellent properties, such as its good strength-to-weight ratio and high hardness at heating state [4] The machinability of this alloy has not been extensively studied in comparison with Ti6Al4V, and the optimal conditions for the machining of this material are still far from determined. Althought Ti6Al7Nb alloy has similar properties as Ti6Al4V, no general applications are found with it
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