Abstract
To develop effective strategies for removing phenolic compounds, in-situ graphene oxide/manganese oxide (GO/MnOX, X = 2, 3/4) composites were fabricated via a sustainable method by synchronously utilizing manganese ions and acidic liquid waste during synthesis of GO. Comparatively, traditionally ex-situ GO/MnO2 composites were synthesized to verify the difference between in-situ and ex-situ synthesis. Based on the schematic and mass flow analysis, in-situ synthesis exhibited better atom economy and less waste emission than ex-situ synthesis. Then, the results of batch experiments exhibited that GO/MnOX composites possessed higher removal efficiency and wider pH range for p-cresol (p-CR) and p-tert-butylphenol (p-TBP) than GO/MnO2 composites. The maximum removal capacities of GO/MnOX composites were 107.68 mg/g for p-CR and 135.41 mg/g for p-TBP. And GO/MnOX composites could retain high removal efficiency for p-TBP (>90%) after five recycles. For in-situ GO/MnOX composites, GO sheets not only promoted the adsorption of phenolic compounds and by-products, but also enhanced the oxidation capacity of MnOX via an electron transfer interaction. Especially, the detection of ring cleavage products indicated further oxidation for p-TBP. Possessing an eco-friendly fabrication strategy and augmented adsorption-oxidation capability, in-situ GO/MnOX composites are expected to be applied in the removal of phenolic compounds.
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