Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has a complex body consisting of hetero-polymers such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose with high tolerancse to biodegradation, which is abundant and cheap in nature, and significantly reduces CO2 emissions in the atmosphere when used in ethanol production. With the increase of global warming (GW), the concept of lignocellulosic biorefinery has become a critical focus. There are many pretreatment methods which have been developed to disrupt this structure even they are durable to biodegradation. The most important parameters affecting the sustainability and economy of the biorefinery industry are the amount of water and chemical consumption. The pretreatment process is the most critical step in the production of valuable products from LCB in terms of water and chemical consumption. This chapter aims to contribute to reducing costs during the production of high value-added products by examining all available pretreatment technologies in terms of water, chemical, and energy consumption.
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