Abstract
In times of spreading mobile devices, organic batteries represent a promising approach to replace the well‐established lithium‐ion technology to fulfill the growing demand for small, flexible, safe, as well as sustainable energy storage solutions. In the last years, large efforts have been made regarding the investigation and development of batteries that use organic active materials since they feature superior properties compared to metal‐based, in particular lithium‐based, energy‐storage systems in terms of flexibility and safety as well as with regard to resource availability and disposal. This Review compiles an overview over the most recent studies on the topic. It focuses on the different types of applied active materials, covering both known systems that are optimized and novel structures that aim at being established.
Highlights
Nowadays, a high and steadily increasing demand for technologies and possibilities for the storage of electrical energy exists within the industrial world and in the developing countries
Since metal electrodes usually provide established and well-known redox processes, most of the novel organic materials are investigated in metal–organic hybrid cells with one electrode based on a metal and an electrolyte containing respective metal cations
The maximum voltage of a cell is called the theoretical voltage (Vtheo [V]), which can be calculated from the redox potentials (E) of the employed active materials according to Vtheo = EcathodeÀEanode
Summary
A high and steadily increasing demand for technologies and possibilities for the storage of electrical energy exists within the industrial world and in the developing countries. Organic batteries, which utilize organic or polymeric active materials instead of metals or metal oxides, represent the most promising approach to overcome the technical and economical restrictions of the established metal-based systems They do not rely on controversial metal deposits, but the active materials can prospectively be synthesized from renewable resources in the future.[5] they provide a superior processability, enabling the use of printing techniques (e.g., screen printing, inkjet printing) and various other casting methods (e.g., doctor blading) as well as roll-to-roll manufacturing and allow the construction of mechanically flexible devices.[6].
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