Sustainable energy in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities for the coming years

Abstract

Over the last few decades, Brazil has demonstrated a privileged position in the global energy scenario. The country's energy matrix is diversified, with emphasis on the participation of renewable energies, which represent a significant portion of total energy production. Thus, the present research aimed to analyze the main challenges and opportunities for Brazil in the future as a potential energy generator. To this end, a literature review was carried out and, as a result, it was possible to verify that Brazil has opportunities and challenges in the sustainable energy sector. The main energy sources analyzed were hydroelectric, biomass, solar, wind and tidal. In this scenario, the diversification of the energy matrix, with a focus on renewable sources, is important to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and boost sustainable development in the country. The country has a biodiversity that contributes to the promotion of sustainable energies, such as an extensive coastline and regions with favorable winds, mainly in the Northeast and South. However, overcoming challenges such as start-up costs, infrastructure, and regulation is essential for the success of the country's energy transition, which can attract investment, drive innovation, and strengthen global competitiveness.