Abstract
Sludge treatment reed beds (STRBs) are an established sludge treatment technology with multiple environmental and economic advantages in dewatering sludge generated during domestic wastewater treatment. However, little is reported regarding their appropriateness and efficiency for the treatment of sludge produced during industrial wastewater treatment and from water works. These sludge types may have significantly different quality characteristics than typical domestic sludge and may contain constituents that could affect their dewaterability. Therefore, the dewatering of these industrial sludge types is usually tested in small-scale pilot STRBs before the construction of full-scale systems. This paper presents and summarizes the state-of-the-art experience from existing pilot and full-scale STRB systems from various countries and climates treating sludge from various industrial sources, evaluates the suitability and the advantages of this sustainable treatment technology, and proposes the required dimensioning for efficient full-scale STRB operation and performance.
Highlights
Wastewater treatment processes typically result in the production of a by-product material, known as sewage sludge
This paper presents and summarizes the state-of-the-art experience from existing pilot and full-scale sludge treatment reed beds (STRBs) systems from various countries and climates treating sludge from various industrial sources, evaluates the suitability and the advantages of this sustainable treatment technology, and proposes the required dimensioning for efficient full-scale STRB operation and performance
The results from pilot and full-scale STRBs receiving water works (WW) sludge show that this sludge type Generally, can be effectively infor an industrial
Summary
Wastewater treatment processes typically result in the production of a by-product material, known as sewage sludge. Sewage sludge is produced at various points along the treatment train of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), namely in the primary sedimentation stage, the biological stage (e.g., aeration tanks), and the secondary sedimentation stage. Depending on the treatment stage, sludge can be characterized as primary, secondary, biological, mixed (a mixture of primary and secondary sludge) or tertiary (from tertiary or advanced treatment stages) [1]. Sci. 2020, 10, 7446 source, sludge can be originated from households, commercial and municipal areas, industrial facilities, agro-industries, surface runoff and stormwater. Typical sludge production in activated sludge plants, i.e., the most widely applied wastewater treatment method, is up to 2.5 kg per individual per day [1]
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