Abstract
This research project attempts to examine the impact of tourism on economy, environment, and socio-cultural aspects of Kerala and explores how Kerala incorporated sustainable tourism development as the core mission to achieve economic, environmental, and socio-cultural development of tourist destinations. The main objective of this research is to examine the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural sustainability of tourism development in Kerala. A primary research was conducted for evaluating the sustainability of tourism through the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire survey was conducted at selected destinations across Kochi, Alappuzha, Kovalam, Trivandrum, Ponmudi and Munnar. The questionnaire survey was executed randomly among the different stakeholders; tourists, local community, and tourism business operators. The data set consisted of 292 respondents representing tourists, local community, and tourism business operators. Survey Analysis, descriptive statistics, and factor analysis have been performed for evaluating the perception of various stakeholders on the tourism policy and governance, economic, socio-cultural, and environmental sustainability of destinations. The factor analysis provides a rare insight on the factors, which lead to sustainability of tourist destinations in Kerala. Research findings establish that the resource exploitation, resource management, economic sustainability, social sustainability, heritage management, destination management, tourism governance, and waste management are the important factors, which affects the sustainability of tourist destinations in Kerala. As this research project provides comprehensive and scientific evidences about the environmental, economic, and socio-cultural impacts of tourism development in Kerala. The research findings can guide the government agencies, tourism operators, hotels and restaurants, and NGOs while formulating and implementing tourism policies. The research finding may be used by other states to incorporate and implement the principles of sustainable development in their tourism development plans and programs.
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