Abstract
This study addresses problems related to the level of sustainable development in African countries in the years 2002–2016. The introduction presents the current situation in Africa, the occurring transformations as well as the goals and definitions of sustainable development. The significance of social order in the aforementioned development has also been highlighted. The next part of the article features sustainability indicators, selected for the analysis and covering all the essential aspects, i.e., social, economic, environmental, spatial, institutional and political areas. The applied research method was the synthetic measure of development (SMD), whereas the data for calculations and analyses were retrieved from the sources of the World Bank. The key part of the study presents the research results showing the position of individual countries regarding the level of implementation of the sustainable development concept in the period 2002–2016. As part of the added value the selected problems of Africa and ways of solving them, along with the recommendations for the future, were listed and characterised. It was concluded that the situation of the African countries, in terms of their sustainable development level, improved significantly in the period under analysis. The crucial problem is that the discussed countries are still experiencing a relatively unfavourable situation in this respect. Cape Verde and Ghana are among the countries recording the best results. The least favourable situation was observed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Chad, Central African Republic and Eritrea.
Highlights
The reasons for the development of the presented study include the need to analyse the current situation of African countries in the context of sustainable development implementation level
For the purposes of this study, it has been adopted that sustainable development is a socio-economic movement aimed at integrating political, economic and social activities, focused on protecting the natural balance and the sustainability of basic natural processes to ensure meeting the basic needs of certain communities and citizens of both the contemporary and future generations [1,2]
It can be adopted that indicators remain one of the basic instruments for monitoring sustainable development because they present this concept of development in a rational and measurable manner [49,50]
Summary
The reasons for the development of the presented study include the need to analyse the current situation of African countries in the context of sustainable development implementation level. For the purposes of this study, it has been adopted that sustainable development is a socio-economic movement aimed at integrating political, economic and social activities, focused on protecting the natural balance and the sustainability of basic natural processes to ensure meeting the basic needs of certain communities and citizens of both the contemporary and future generations [1,2]. This definition puts emphasis on caring for the future, and the aspect of timeless significance of sustainable development and its individual orders remains evident. The awareness of the discussed development and ecological responsibility importance [3,4] depend on the development level of a given country, the effectiveness of implemented public policies, the level of education, all taking into account due care for the environment and the quality of social capital [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
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