Abstract
Background/Objective: Denim fabric is the most versatile dress material and acclaimed the most popular among the young generations due to its trendy looks. Since stone is being vastly used to improve the softness and comfort feeling along with fading effects, but bearing some problems. For instance, stone leads to deterioration of fabric strength, machine wear, and tear, grit deposition in the effluent plant, increasing labor cost to separate the stone powder from the pockets, and also harmful for the expensive laundry machine, etc. On the contrary, post-used rubber shoe soles are thrown or burnt which leads to ozone depletion. Therefore, this study was carried out to mitigate both the existing problems of stone washing and also this endeavor was done to find a suitable alternative of pumice stone. Methods: Washing was continued with both stones, collected rubber shoe sole against enzyme, acid, and bleaching agent. Eventually, washed garments have been tested and compared with the unwashed regular ones, based on visual appearance, degree of shade change, tensile strength, tear strength, abrasion resistance, and weight per unit area, and crimp interchange. Findings: Result reveals the satisfactory values, but the degree of shade changes against acid has poor value due to not having the absorption ability of potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Also, the result tellsthe noise intensity is much lower (68-72 dB) compared to stonewash (89- 90dB). Introducing the aforementioned alternative in denim washing, it shows the perfect results rather than stone one without compromising the trendy looks. Keywords: Denim fabric; garments washing; physical and mechanical properties; sustainability
Highlights
Denim is a sturdy warp-faced cotton twill fabric, which has gained the most popular among the young generations for exposing the western lifestyle [1,2,3,4,5]
Washing improves visual appearance; softness, conformability, and fashion looks in denim garments as a first growing sector[2]
2.1.1 Garment sample The experimental wagon has been covered with a total of seven denim pants, one kept as raw, and 3 pairs for different washing. 100% cotton warp-faced (3/1) twill indigo-dyed denim fabrics (GSM-434, Ends per inch (EPI)-100, Picks per inch (PPI)-54, Newp-16KW, and New f 12KW) have been used to experiment
Summary
Denim is a sturdy warp-faced cotton twill fabric, which has gained the most popular among the young generations for exposing the western lifestyle [1,2,3,4,5]. Washing improves visual appearance; softness, conformability, and fashion looks in denim garments as a first growing sector[2]. These washing effects are the result of mechanical and/or chemical processes including stonewash, caustic wash, sandblasting, towel washing, moon washing, and ice washing, scrubbed look washing, damaged look washing, plasma treatment, and ultrasonic treatment and topping[8,9]. Traditional stone (volcanic stone having vesicular rough texture) wash is being widely used in the denim industry, which gives a faded look [5], due to the degree of varying size and shape. Pumice stone (volcanic rock) is commonly originated in Indonesia and Turkey, which floats on water, and is hydrophilic
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